Gertrudis love Essay Example For Students

Gertrudis love Essay The ambiguity of chocolate is very similar to the complex character of Gertrudis. Gertrudis is the only daughter who is able to be emancipated from her tyrannical mother: she has the courage; she is pushed by some extraordinary power to leave and make her own life. Chocolate is known as a sweet treat nowadays, when in Mexico it was used as raw cacao beans and was very strong if not cooked and prepared carefully. The chocolate represents her very strong character as revolutionary leader; her leadership her desire to be considered not less then a man on the battlefield, how she had triumphed in life. She was a general in the revolutionary army.(163). She has the power to make decisions for her own troops, like no other woman in the family; she has broken the traditions just as the chocolate can make a person change in a glimpse of a second due to its hardness and tenderness at the same time. The chocolate can also represent the very energetic character she has. She is always intrigued by task that involves rhythm, movement or music(11), which also has its inconvenient, leaving Gertrudis flittering from one task to the other, rarely concentrating on difficult or uninteresting duties. Sugar represents the love that Gertrudis has in her. She was a love child, created within a passionate relationship she has this insight on true love and describes, Titas and Pedros love as being one of the truest she knows, she believes that nothing should come between them. Sugar is often said to appease the temperament of very strong individuals but also revive the less animated, Gertrudis has that ability to reanimate her sister Tita when she most needs it. Rose extract, represents the passion that animates Gertrudis love. The extraordinary passion that Gertrudis feels is nothing less then the desire that Tita and Pedro have for each other. She has the aptitude to sense and understand true love; she lives and endures the physical emotions they have for each other which lead to her disappearances of the ranch, and her discovery of a mans love. The fact that she will then work in a brothel gives us an insight into the amplitude of the desire she has for life, as no man could have satisfied her. She has a need to free herself from Mama Elena, her traditional rules that always kept her away from what she really was, a passionate and physical character. The grounded chili powder is then, the obvious but very well hidden secret of her origins, a very sudden but intriguing hint of spiciness. Having mulatto(125) blood gives Gertrudis an enormous advantage on many levels. Not only has her sense of rhythm given it away, but her ability to command her troops with passion and care.  Chocolate fondue is a mixture of texture and taste, very comforting at first and suddenly commanding, melted and hard. The sugary and spicy combination, create the ability to discover a rainbow of sensation and taste that is individual to all human being. The passion that is then added to the dish, though it can throw people off at first, procures a rush of adrenaline, then a more settle but very strong feeling of love and desire invades the body and the mind. The passion fruit represents the contrast that exists within Trevinos love and passion for Gertrudis. This fruit not only by its name, but also by its texture and taste reminds us of an unfulfilled love. The very sweet taste of the fruit a metaphor for the love at first sight- a striking feeling that invades your mouth is the same feeling that stroke Trevino when he first meet Gertrudis. But also the crunchiness of the seeds within the fruit core: leaving an attractive need to experience this ambiguous combination again. .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17 , .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17 .postImageUrl , .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17 , .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17:hover , .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17:visited , .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17:active { border:0!important; } .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17:active , .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17 .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u65e62939e7058457856a61eecae91d17:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Titanic's silence EssayLike Trevinos character towards Gertrudis, he still is a recognized womanizer(175) tempting every woman by its well-mannered behavior, but dedicating his love to one woman only, his true love. On the other hand this particular fruit also has a very sour touch when left in the mouth too long. The sourness of an impossible relationship, due to a society made of cast and traditions. A generala(173) cannot be with one of her soldier, even if Trevino knows this, he engaged himself in a personal battle to conquer the heart of his loved one, a person he has to fear, obey and respect according to the society. The manliness of the mango reinforces the power Trevino demonstrates when he is ask to obey Gertrudis. Trevino demonstrates his skill, and proves to her that he could take care of any difficult task even for him it was no easy task(175), fulfilling it and at the same time restoring his familial honor. This means a lot to the eyes of Gertrudis, who then understands what man he really is. Through this achievement, he is able to gradually gain a very profound respect from her, becoming her guardian. The peppery taste of the mango then significantly underlines the difficulty Trevino encounters when Gertrudis is reunited with Juan: her true and only love. The only choice he has, after losing all hopes, is to reassign his feelings to protect and serve her on the battlefield. He then becomes on of her finest soldier and trusts him with her life. And the fact that she chooses him for the preparation of her favorite dish shows that she trusts him with her soul. But lost love always comes with a cascade of repress emotions that is very well materialized by the banana. Under a hard and protective skin, a very soft and tender core is found where all emotions are hidden away. Trevino is very emotional(176), and always takes Gertrudis reprimanding very personal, as a rejection- dismissal of his love for her. To compensate this rejection Trevino as no other tool then to loosen his sadness into drinking.  The combination of those three fruits, very well determined the emotions that Trevino has for Gertrudis a mixture of sweet and sour feelings.

Gender and Interaction essays

Gender and Interaction essays Sociological tradition has deep roots in pragmatism; social forces should be observable if they are true. Furthermore, the ultimate way to achieve true verstehen is to understand the interaction from the perspective of the actor. Thus, this qualitative analysis of social interaction will focus on the actors and how they are constructed in the ongoing performance of social life. Goffmans book on advertising and gender offers a basis for an analysis of the social world inundated by media images, begging the question How does advertising affect social interaction between the genders? Adding to Goffmans constructionist view of society are Durkheim and Simmel. Both saw society as a web of patterned interactions; Durkheim upheld the idea of the primacy of the social, while Simmels mixed bag of sociological theory was unified by the notion of society, and more specifically the dyad, existing through interaction. Through my observations I will argue that gender is a social construct, that advertising is an agent in this construction, and that the way gender is done in advertising effects interaction between men and women. Over a weekend I gathered friends together under the guise of celebrating my birthday in an extended fashion. The group was composed in all social situations of four dyads and three uncoupled individuals. Simmels conceptualization of the dyad is conducive to observing gender interactions, because much of how gender is constructed involves masculinity and femininity as being performances to attract and retain affections of the opposite sex. Simmel emphasized that culture sustains its influence through interaction, and that the survival of the dyad depends on the nature of its interaction. In service of clarity, I only observed heterosexual dyadic interactions. I observed a wide array of gendered behaviors. At a restaurant, when people in my party ordered wine...

How to Read a Difficult Book

How to Read a Difficult Book Even if you have lots of experience in reading books, you will still come across a novel thats difficult to get through. You may find yourself  reading slowly because of the subject matter, the language, word usage, or the convoluted plot and character elements. When you are just attempting to get through the book, it may not really matter to you why the book is difficult, you just want to get to the end, so you can move on to your next reading pick. But there are ways to make even the hardest book less of a trial to get through.   Tips to Get Through Hard to Read Books Find your perfect  reading spot - a place where you can be comfortable and read. Figure out what conditions you need to be able to concentrate, study, and read most effectively. It may be easier for you to read at a desk, at a table in a quiet library, outside or in one of those cushy chairs at Starbucks. Some readers cant concentrate when theres any noise around them, while others can read anywhere. Reproduce those ideal conditions - particularly when youre reading a difficult book.Keep a dictionary with you as you read. Look up any words you dont understand. Also, jot down literary references that are escaping you. Are comparisons being made that are escaping your understanding? Look those references up! You may want to avoid using your smartphone for this task to avoid tempting distractions.  Look at how the book is organized by reading through the table of contents and reading the introduction. This may help give you a sense of what material is coming as you read.  Try to avoid skimming as much as possible. If a book is dense or dry it can be tempting to try to get through it as quickly as possible, but skimming can cause you to miss key points that would add to your comprehension.   If you own the book you are reading, you may want to highlight passages that seem important. Otherwise, you can take careful notes, keeping track of quotes, characters, or passages that you might want to return to later. Some readers find that by using flags or page markers, they can more easily find those sections that are essential to an understanding of the book. Keeping notes is a way to help ensure that you really think about what youre reading.  Dont become bleary-eyed. In other words, if the book seems too overwhelming, stop reading for a bit. Take this time to organize your ideas about the book. Write down any questions you have. If the concepts are still too difficult to grasp try talking about it with a friend to flush out what you are thinking (and feeling) about the work.Dont stop reading for too long. It can be tempting to put off finishing the book when the book seems too difficult  but dont give in to that temptation. If you put off continuing your reading for too long you may forget what youve read. Key elements of the plot or characterization may get lost over time so its best to try to keep reading at your usual pace. Get help! If youre still having a difficult time with the book, a tutor might be able to answer your questions. If youre reading for a class, consider talking with your teacher about your confusion. Ask him/her specific questions about the book.

Psycholigical Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Psycholigical Disorders - Essay Example Discussion will also produce possible hospitalization therapies as well as when individuals should be admitted to a hospital based on symptoms. Finally, a brief summary of a case study will round out the discussion. One of the main disputes surrounding hallucination therapeutic evaluation is if the disorder is standalone or a side-effect of a much more psychological disorder such as Schizophrenia. The terminology surrounding hallucinations defines it as "a perception in the absence of sensory stimulation that is confused with reality (Psychology: Concepts and Connections, pg 518). As many psychiatrists evaluate their patients in a clinical surrounding, it would be circumspect to immediately label a person who is suffering from hallucinations as being diagnosed with Schizophrenia. One of the more important aspects of the diagnoses as to if the individual is suffering from hallucinations is to follow the same procedural steps in diagnosing any person with an ailment and that is to start with the symptoms Symptoms of hallucinations can either result from a traumatic event, results of other medical disorders such as epilepsy, olfactory seizures or from a variety of means of neurological aetiology. To understand the symptoms of these various forms of hallucinations, there is a need to understand the different types of neurological hallucinations that lead to correct diagnosis of symptoms. These include: GustatorGustatory hallucinations: are seldom found as an early sign of cognitive derangement. Clinical evolution could point toward early manifestations of Alzheimer's Dementia. Patients suffering from psychotic depression may also, report the illusion of bad taste in their mouth. Peduncular hallucinations: They originate from lesions of the mid-brain tegmentum. They may be elaborated and complex, rich in color, and depict landscapes, familiar faces, buildings, or lilliputian visions. Feeling tone may be absent, and the patient witnesses them with calm amusement. Auditory and Vertiginous Hallucinations: 1 Auditory: Stimuli of the transverse gyrus of Heschl of the temporal lobe, may elicit auditory events. 2. Vertiginous: Meniere's disease is the cause of severe kinesthetic hallucinations , accompanied by nausea, dizziness, and malaise. It may be also have tinnitus, often described as "chirping", or as the sound of crickets. This must be clinically differentiated from acoustic neuroma, vertebro-basilar artery syndromes, and other posterior fossa entities. Autoscopic hallucinations: These are a blend of visual and proprioceptive hallucinations. In these cases, the vision is of one's double, like in a mirror, sometimes repeating one's gestures, and on occasions busy with other activities, a veritable doppelganger. They may be secondary to hypnopompic hallucinations, migraine, seizure disorders, delirium, encephalitis, post-concussion syndrome, or even non-neurological events such as: transcendental meditation, mystic events, use of hallucinogens, and near death experiences (Boza, 1981) The symptoms, as mentioned above vary from patient to patient depending on their neurological dysfunction. The Merck Manual of Geriatrics entertains hallucinations as an ongoing concern for the elderly patients under doctor's care and suggests that the symptoms of hallucinations in the

UK Security Management Practice and Regulatory Acts Essay

UK Security Management Practice and Regulatory Acts - Essay Example This essay stresses that the role of the private companies in breaching the gap made by inadequate public security forces to curb crime and insecurity especially in the face of new threats including terrorism, cyber crime and juvenile delinquency including drug abuse and malicious damage provide a valuable service to the country. However, the PSI Act seeks to regulate the sector to ensure conformity with the rules especially regarding privacy and other human rights infringements that may be easily possible under an ambiguous setting. Investigative security agents within the private sector must therefore perform their duties in total compliance with these regulations and guidelines. Within organisations, internal investigations are often the subject of much controversy especially due to the likelihood of violating employee human rights when intruding on their personal information. This paper makes a conclusion that security management as practised by both public and private investigators is thus confronted by many obstacles as they seek research or information on individuals in addition to when doing other security duties particularly due to the proliferation of many indistinct rules that grant much advantage to subjects under investigation and even criminal elements that are protected by these legislative Acts. Although these Acts are primarily aimed at protecting intrusive and unsolicited violations of individual privacy and human rights, they inadvertently hinder proper investigation, research and crime prevention.

Is Latin America An Homogeneous Continent Politics Essay

Is Latin America An Homogeneous Continent Politics Essay Latin America is a region of the Americas where Romance languages, those derived from Latin particularly Spanish, Portuguese, and variably French are primarily spoken  [1]   Historical background To understand the history of International Business in Latin America it is necessary to begin with a look in the eighteenth century were all of the countries in the region were colonies of the European powers and the commerce were tightly tied to the home country. But with the independence the IB had been taking a major role in Latin America because it is possible to consider that the first international business in the region was financing by the Latin American governments for the wars independence and since that moment these countries began to involved with IB, exchanging raw materials, such as gold and silver exported for products from Europe like clothing, iron and manufactured goods  [2]   By the middle of the nineteenth century foreign direct investment began with projects in mining and infrastructure, also LA become one of the most trading partners for United States, providing natural resources and low cost assembly of manufactures (Clothing). The most attractive countries in LA for investment are Mexico, Argentina and Brazil. The government-Business relationship Latin American governments imposed increasingly restrictive policies on foreign MNES, toward the end of import-substituting industrialization and promoting domestically owned business  [3]   but this didnt last for so long because of the 1980s crisis, that forced the governments of the region to look for foreign financial resources and by 1990s most of the LA join the opening economy system. Privatizations Privatization of state-owned enterprises has been one important step of the economic opening process and for FDI, with these system LA governments attracted the world leaders to invest in airlines, telephone companies, electronic power companies and banks. Regional Economic Integration The first regional integration done in LA was by Simon Bolivar in 1820 with the goal to unite South America, but since the World War II there had been integration efforts beginning with the LAFTA or ALALC in 1960 (Latin America Free Trade Area), this agreement never achieved its free-trade goals. It is possible to said that the first true agreement done in the region was the Andean Community in 1976, these group promote FDI into the region and tariff elimination among the members country  [4]   Another Sub regional integration effort is Mercosur has served to open trade mostly between Argentina and Brazil. The most successful agreement is NAFTA that produce economic growth in Mexico because many multinational firms of US locate its production there. Barriers to trade and invest in Latin America The most relevant barrier is the geographical one rather than the legal one because this zone has high mountains so the transportation cost is very expensive and this problem cannot be eliminated by tariff reductions or other government policies. Latin America MNE ´S It can be considered that the Latin America NME ´S emerged in the late 1960s and 1970s, as firms established operations in mostly neighboring countries to serve local markets. The leading firms are located in the largest countries, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, and Chile. Five of the top 25 MNE ´S are steel companies from Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico. Many companies are leaders in their respective industries, such as the Brazilian Gerdau Group. Most of MNE ´S tend to expand regionally before going farther abroad. And thinking in the consumer, this can often be a benefit because of the cultural similarity of most Latin American countries that makes regional firms better to supply to regional taste. At the same time, a firm that lacks international experience might want to acquire the skills needed to manage across borders by first learning in a country that is similar and nearby. This could explain CEMEX, the third-largest producer of cement in the world, captures many of this idea. Multinationals are often closer to their host countries geographically, culturally, economically, and politically, and with their know-how and technologies may be well matched for the other markets where they invest.  [5]   Latin American firms are responding to global trends by restructuring, developing a variety of tangible and intangible assets- including advanced management capabilities  [6]  After decades of protection and transition, Latin American firms are able to think and compete globally. 7 LATIN AMERICAN WORKING AND MANAGEMENT CULTURE. Plenty of information has been written about the American, Japanese or German management styles. These have proved to be successful in the greatest multinationals around the world and as a consequence many organizations in developing countries try to implement them. Well known is, that most of the Latin American countries have economies in transition and this is true also for management models used in Latin American organizations. In 2005 Martha M. Elvira, then the academic director of the Lexington College, together with Anabella Dà ¡vila, then the teacher of The theory of the Organization and business history at the School of Graduate in management and direction of business, had published in the Magazine Universia Business Review and article called Cultura y administracià ³n de Recursos Humanos en Amà ©rica Latina in English Human Resources culture and management in Latin America. There the authors assumed that the Latin American management models have some cultural traits deriv ed from an specific historic process with a social, political and economical structure. This unique process differentiates Latin American management styles from others and makes it worthy to examine the cultural background in order to better understand how the organizations in Latin America behave and how human resources practices in this region can be improved. It is thus highly important to review what has been written about the work culture in Latin America in order to understand better the management practices in that region and perform well when interacting with Latin Americans. For a better understanding of the subject of which is Latin-American cultural behavior and in some way decode the way Latin-Americans work and develop within an organization or during a business, we will divide these behavior into some themes or dimensions in which this culture will be analyzed. Our first dimension will be sympathy, personal dignity or classism, defining sympathy as the warmth of personal relationships, always respecting human dignity (Silvio de Franco, 1999). People in Latin American countries always take time to greet one another with a show of genuine pleasure, this culture is very familiar and always has close relationships with its workmates, if it is their decision they prefer working and negotiating with friends and family, rather than with strangers. Latin Americans are known for developing interpersonal relations with co-workers; this is why they are very predictable and expected by all. Personal contact is very important to Latin American workers; face-to-face contact with superiors is common and valuable for both employee and superior. Personal relations are charged with a high emotional content and both superiors and employees expect to be treated politely and friendly. Loyalty and reliability are very important in the personal relations of Latin Americans in the workplace. Other face of sympathy is the tendency to avoid open conflicts and unpleasantness, that is the reason why, people tend to be very polite and nice with others, and not to demonstrate disagreements in public. Latin Americans prefer a peaceful coexistence, and may be unwilling to confront others about negative behaviors that could be harmful to an organization; over the working environment what people want is to keep positive relationships among co-workers, taking aside the fact that their putting in risk the companys welfare. From here we can say that criticism is the key tool for discharging all madness of employees, this tool goes underground and is expressed most of the time through rumors and gossip. When talking about classism we refer to Latin Americans emphasizing in very rigid social divisions, so, sympathy is more likely to see in members of a same social class or level, you can also find sympathy from a high level class with a lower one, but it is less common in these countries. Hierarchy and social status is important, academic titles and other signs are mechanisms of social differentiation and help to establish the distance between employees and their superiors. Anabella Dà ¡vila and Martha M. Elvira affirm nevertheless, that superiors try to get near to the employees enough to eliminate the barriers between them. There is one exception to the rule, in terms of sympathy; some of Latin people are characterized because of their rudeness when talking, always taking advantage of the position power, when dealing with people that is less powerful, but this subject will be better explained when we arrive to hierarchical relationships and power dimensions. The next dimension is very linked to the first one, personalism; a desire for personalized and individualized attention. For Latin Americans, it is a priority to do things for others as relatives and family. Being helpful is very important for Latinos. First thing to have in mind when working with this culture is trying to develop good relationships, create loyalty within the working group and connecting as much as possible with people. Us, as Latin Americans, prefer to give opportunities, do favors and accept things, from people we know, giving them an advantage over the others, who will become strangers for us. Foreign people need to develop relationships based on mutual help, improve their level of empathy in order to gain Latin Americans trust and personalize the way of dealing with co-workers; we choose approaching people directly in person, rather than delegating tasks, or just sending letters. Personal relationships are needed and mandatory for Latin Americans, as an example, if a person wants to have a good position in the workplace, it is easier to success if they have palanca, term used by Latinos for the extra help they can get inside an organization by contacts and friends to be chosen over others. Latinos want everything to be easy, and fast, this is why friendship and personal relationships as said before are key issues to survive in a Latin American organization or society. Particularism dimension refers to the fact that Latin Americans are always choosing whom to help to, making exceptions to the rule based on individual circumstances level and obligations of friendships. For friends, everything; for strangers, nothing, and for enemies, the law (Rosenn, 1988, p.143) In this culture, law exists, but is just an ideal, because Latin Americans, only pay attention to law, which they agree with, otherwise, it is just ignored. In the personalism dimension, we talked about how influential friendships can become when getting a job, in other words Particularism appears as an answer to the personalism weve been talking about. As explained, particularism is in easier words, to have a strong group of friends, who will obtain benefits from my owns, therefore, the person who is getting the benefit is the one analyzed through the personalism dimension. Now, more than a group of friends or relatives, dealing with government is also part of the particularism, sometimes managers, can influence government to work on their side, giving benefits just to their companies. Latin American culture generally have a fairly low level of trust in people who are not family or close friends, with this we arrived to our 4th dimension, trust, generally, Latin American managers do not trust all of their employees, so, they always have 1 o 2 persons who they trust 100% (friends or family), to leave in charge of important tasks. Sometimes this lack of trust can affect the training and development for employees; Latinos always panic about teaching others the way they work, because we think, they could steel ideas and develop projects based on the stolen knowledge. This distrust issue is also an answer to our listening difficulties, and acceptance of others ideas. Latinos presume we know everything, and that there couldnt be a person who knows more than what I know, so we become depth to others comments. In order to gain the trust desired by Latin Americans, persons from other cultures, should not expect to start negotiating without developing first a relationship with us. Collectivism and in-group/out group behavior dimension, Latin American countries are generally described as collectivist cultures, which is characterized by individuals who give their loyalty to a group, and in return the group takes responsibility for the individual.  [8]  The collectivist unit for Latinos is family. 9 According to the chart, Latin American culture is located in the lower right quadrant, low trust/vertical relationships, finding pseudo-collectivism in the protective hierarchical structures very common in this part of the world. Relationships in Latin American organizations are vertical, people think top-down, with the prevailing lack of trust of out-group members. For Latin companies, it still exist the image of feudo, the boss who gives orders to employees, but beyond that it takes care of anything that could happen to them and their family and personal situations or problems, that could affect them. The in-groups are the ones that always receives preferential treatment, with this we are looking back, to the trust, personalism and particularism dimensions; they are all linked, from bosses perspective, you find your partners, gives them preferences, trust in them and you create an in-group structure, which is the one that characterized collectivism. As explained before, we still have the feudo image, the father who takes care for his children, continuing with the patron system, we now arrive to explain the paternalism and hierarchical relationships. Academics have identified a paternalistic behavior in management positions in many organizations across Latin American countries. In this sense managers care about the protection of the employees and their families. They might be seen as moral support by the employees to the extended that many organizations see themselves as a family. Strong solidarity and mutual understanding characterized Latin American workers whose intention is to work always in a harmonic and warm environment. Latin American employees always feel that bosses should take an interest on their nonwork lives, moving forward and beyond the working barriers, employees think bosses as they are developing the fathers role within a company, should be aware of what if happening with the family, and also they should be part of special events as weddings, baptisms, etc. For employers, their role must of the time is linked to the pobrecito attitude, always to excuse the employees for not doing things, or just when they need to be fired. With this, we conclude that paternalism has to aspects, the power of the father, government, or boss to make decisions for others, as well as the responsibility for those who are dependent on them. Relating paternalism and the hierarchical relationships, within a company, the boss always has a trust man, who will do anything for him, and would burn on fire to cover him, most of the time is the assistant. The disadvantage of this model of hierarchical relationships is that information from the bottom of the organization seldom floats to the top, allowing bosses to make poor decision, because of the lack of input from below that might help them avoid errors. Upon this point all dimensions have been intrinsically related with power, our next dimension, which is the principal theme in the Latin American organizations (Hofstede, 1980). Power is generally and more expressed in the top of the hierarchies. Bosses think that thanks to their position they are allow to do whatever they want, that they control the company and beyond, that employees should exceed in their attentions. And can delegate, tasks that they should act. People with power are accorded special privileges and often use their position to personal gain. It is said also that Latin Americas like to be dependent on someone else; they accept the authority and avoid confrontation with superiors. Conflict avoidance characterizes them and when theres a discussion taking place in public both superior and employee feel uncomfortable and even insulted. One of the most important Latin American cultural characteristics is the sense of humor and joy, which is also a dimension to analyze our culture. Humor plays a major role in the work settings, the constant teasing and joking at work is a pleasure, besides it makes working hours to go faster, helps to create the perfect environment for working and develop more efficient all tasks. But it is not always for having fun, humor has two other functions in the organizational life of Latin America; it is sometimes used to keep people in line, pointed jokes are an acceptable manner of conveying feedback to people. This, because concern for social approval is very strong in Latin America. And it also works as a safety tool in the form of black humor, as an example, employees that are not happy with their boss always make jokes about him but always behind his back or they make them to face just acting ironic. The powerless the people, the more plentiful the jokes. Lastly, we find fatalism, as one very important dimension where Latin American people could be analyzed. As we are evolving with all global changes, it still some negative organizations within the Latin culture. For some of us there is never a positive answer to things or in terms of the organization to projects, comments, etc. It is easier for as to say maybe or it could be rather than be 100% sure. The most common negative (in some way) word Latinos use is si Dios quiere. Even though people are sure things will happen, prefer to leave destiny to the religious part.  [10]  , but there are also some negative movements as always doubting, what if? is it possible? Im not sure it would work. Latin America has been always characterized as fatalistic and resistant to change, but there are some, however, individuals, companies, etc that are rapidly undergoing a transformation in response to changing circumstances as free markets and global economy. Companies with negative patterns find very difficult to compete with foreign companies because they are victims of their own selfishness, always having over all the negative view first. It is important for people who will be working with Latin Americans to understand all cultural contingencies, to do not fall into mistakes or be part of an unexpected cultural shock. Anabella Dà ¡vila and Martha M. Elvira take some human resources ´ practices and explain cultural characteristics founded in them. When referring to the recruitment, selection and promotion process, the authors affirm that in Latin America the appearance and personality are very important in the hiring or promotion of an employee. Relatives, friends or contacts are highly important as well as stated above. Low budgets characterized the training and development process, and a lack of technical knowledge is faced by the firms when importing machinery from abroad. Nevertheless education level in Latin America is growing faster and expatriates in Latin America are being replaced by well-qualified Latin American youth. Family plays a primary role in the lives of Latin American workers. To provide the family with the best living standard is the meaning of work of the Latin American worker. This is why social benefits given by the firms are valuable for them. Rewards for managers take the form of luxury cars, school enrollment for the kids or memberships in clubs. This enhances the living standard of the family and their social status. Acknowledgment is important for the workers; seniority recognition and social benefits are valuable for them. Given the importance of family it is hard for Latin American workers to be transferred from one place to another (far). Working groups are commonly to find in Latin American organizations, authority or coordination within them is also common. Latin American workers dont like to face all the responsibility and thus prefer to share it. The communication in the organizations flows from top-down; the avoidance of conflict generates many times misunderstandings and obstacles in communication processes. When conflicts take place, identification with primary groups more than with the organization itself is common. But, is really Latin America homogeneous as many states? In the year 2003, T. Lenartowicz and James Patrick Johnson wrote an article called A Cross-national assessment of the values of Latin America managers: contrasting hues or shades of gray? which was published in the Journal of international business studies. There the authors through a research concluded, Common perceptions of Latin America as a culturally homogeneous region are stereotypical and incorrectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Based on Rokeach ´s study of values, T. Lenartowicz and James Patrick Johnson proved that divergence in the importance of values can explain differences in business phenomena across the region. Values form part of culture, and they influence well the behavior of the people. Managers and workers grew within a culture filled with values, and thus the studying of values in Latin America can contribute to the understanding of management styles in the region. Diversity characterizes Latin America; and this diversity is reflected in the behavior of the people across the continent. Despite the common historical background shared by Latin American countries, each one of them has different features, geographic conditions, ethnic groups, and historical development. To develop the research, T. Lenartowicz and James Patrick Johnson divided the region in 6 representative parts. Colombia and Venezuela; Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia; Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Chile; Brazil, Mà ©xico; and Puerto Rico. The study didnt cover any of the Central American countries. According to the results, Brazil showed to have the major number of differences in importance of values (as expected) and Puerto Rico the lower. According to the authors, The values that differ significantly across the 12 countries include: ambitious, clean, intellectual, logical, open-minded, pleasure, world at peace. Three of these intellectual, logical, open-minded relate directly to decision-making and negotiation processes, suggesting that there may be considerable variation in these processes from one country to another. Variation in values is also likely to affect workplace issues such as delegating authority and responsibility, motivating employees, and compensation and reward systems. The study shows that even if there are similarities among Latin American countries, it would be an error to treat the whole region and homogeneous. CONCLUSIONS The Latin American environment could diverge since the colonization moment, because not all of Latin American countries were colonized by the same European countries, so in this order, we can find a French business culture, as well as Spanish and Portuguese, this situation has influenced the management style of Latin American MNEs. Some reason why this environment diverge are the economic and political policies implemented by the government before 1980s, with the ideology of a close economy that ends with each country developing its own business culture. In terms of geography, most of Latin American countries have high mountains, which generates difficulties in transportation of merchandise, this makes that almost all of Latin American companies develop same strategies in order to reduce transportation costs. Each Latin American country has develop its own business culture, but at the same time, thanks to the colonization characteristic and its location it is possible to gather them into groups, to facilitate studies in this continent. Geographical and historical factors served to divide the region into five aggregates which showed to be consistent within them and different among them. These are: the northern South America (Colombia and Venezuela); Perà º, Ecuador and Bolivia, the Southern cone (Chile, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay); Brazil; and Mà ©xico. When doing business, Latin Americans are recognized for being a friendly and informal bargainer, who prefers negotiating with already known people as family and friends; we do not sacrifice thing at a short term to obtain benefits at a long term. It is impossible for Latin Americans to arrive on time to meetings or things related to it, but this is why we cannot ask for punctuality and we became very flexible with time, and it uses. Latinos are very manipulative with emotions, and we count with a strong convincement power. In conclusion, all Latin American enterprises have their own ways of doing business, but there are some similar characteristic among them, such as friendship, loyalty, humor, collectivism and power. Friendship and humor are Latinos key tools for interacting and performing within a working and managerial environment. Being surrounded of trust people; the best way of ascending inside an organizational hierarchy and gaining the best positions is trough a Latin term palanca, which is the extra help they can get by contacts and friends to be chosen over others. Communication in Latin American organizations is top-down, with a lack of feedback from information given from bottom positions. Latinos are very preferential; we have preferences for in-group members over out-group members. Although Latin America has been treated as an homogeneous region, he results of a research contradicts prior studies that have tended to group Latin American countries together, and this finding validates the view that Latin America should not be regarded as a culturally homogeneous region.

Out, Out

Questions from pg 495 1. How does Frost make the buzz-saw appear sinister? How does he make it seem, in another way, like a friend? a. The first line, â€Å"The buzz-saw snarled and rattled in the yard† and the seventh line â€Å"And the saw snarled and rattled, snarled and rattled† both emit a sense of darkness, as if having a â€Å"personality† of its own. b. When the sister came out and told the brother that supper was ready and the saw looked as if it â€Å"leaped† out of the boys hand, it seemed as if the saw was a friend of the boy that did not want to be abandoned, so it pulled away from the boy in anger, causing injury to the boy.The saw and the boy were in essence â€Å"friends† because of the time they spent together sawing firewood, and when faced with the boy leaving was upset. 2. What do you make of the people who surround the boy—the â€Å"they† of the poem. Who might they be? Do they seem to you concerned and compassiona te, cruel, indifferent, or what? a. The â€Å"they† of the poem appear to be his family, possibly his uncles, aunts, or cousins. They could be neighborhood friends of the boys. b.Whoever they were, they did not seem to be very concerned that the boy was injured, let alone dead. They seemed uncompassionate and unconcerned about what they had witnessed. 3. What does Frost’s reverence to Macbeth contribute to your understanding of â€Å" ‘Out, Out—’ †? How would you state the theme of Frost’s poem? a. It seems to me that Macbeth’s verse is about how short life is, that life is just a shadow, a player, in the game of life, that walks around on a stage, then one day is over.Frost uses part of the first line of Macbeth’s verse â€Å"Out, out† as his title as a way to agree with and reference Macbeth as one of his role models in poetry. b. I feel that Frost uses the theme â€Å"life and death† as the main concept o f â€Å"Out, out. † 4. Set this poem side by side with â€Å"Sir Patrick Spence. † How does â€Å" ‘Out, Out—’ † resemble that medieval folk ballad in the subject, or does it differ from it? How is Frost’s poem similar or different in its way of telling a story? a. To me, the common thread of the two poems is life and eath. Day to day, you live your life, never knowing when your last day on earth will be, and when it comes, it is sudden. b. I think they are both similar it its way of telling a story in the sense that you got pulled into the poem, hanging on its every word. Both poems begin with telling the readers what the characters were doing and continue in detail about what happens. Though short, Frost succeeded at his readers gaining an attachment to the day in the life of his character.